Processing bituminous mixtures for paving at reduced temperatures

ABSTRACT

Bituminous paving mixtures containing lubricating agents or additives may be prepared at hot mix temperatures and cooled, paved and compacted at temperatures 10-55° C. lower than the hot mix temperatures. The increased temperature range between the hot mix temperatures and the paving and compacting temperatures is facilitated by the improved compacting properties of the paving mixture when it includes the lubricating agents or additives.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/422,048, filed Mar. 16, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/039,066, filed Mar. 3, 2011, U.S. Pat. No.8,138,242, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.12/390,120, filed Feb. 20, 2009, U.S. Pat. No. 7,902,277, which claimsthe benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/030,750, filedFeb. 22, 2008, all of which are incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND

Paving materials are typically prepared in an asphalt plant at elevatedtemperatures before being transported to a construction site. The chosenpaving material mixing temperature may depend on a number of factorsincluding the chosen binder, the distance or transportation time to theconstruction site, and ambient temperature conditions en route and atthe site. For example, some paving materials are prepared at 130° C. orhigher and, during transportation to the construction site, may cool byabout 5-8° C. However, in some instances the paving materials must betransported for relatively long times (e.g., more than two hours), forrelatively long distances (e.g., more than 300 Km), or be exposed tovery cool outdoor temperatures (e.g., less than 5° C.). This may lead toexcessive cooling of the paving materials, which in turn may causeissues during paving or compacting. In some such instances, thetemperatures at which the paving materials are prepared may be increasedto compensate for such cooling. However, increased preparationtemperatures may cause other issues including one or more of increasedevaporation of volatiles, degradation of some of the components of thepaving materials, and excessive energy consumption.

SUMMARY

The present application provides processing conditions for bituminouspaving mixtures containing lubricating agents or additives in which thepaving mixtures may be prepared at hot mix temperatures and then whencooled can be paved and compacted at temperatures 10-55° C. lower (ormore than 55° C. lower) than the hot mix preparation temperatures. Theincreased range between the hot mix temperatures and the paving andcompacting temperatures is provided, in part, by the improved compactingproperties provided by these lubricating agents or additives.

The present invention provides processing an asphalt binder andbituminous paving mixture in order to allow, for example, increasedtransportation times, longer working times, or a greater range ofapplication temperatures. These properties provide improvements inproduction and paving processes compared to other hot and warm mixprocesses.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 illustrates an increase in the difference between production andcompaction temperatures for a bituminous paving mixture preparedaccording to the process of the present invention compared to bituminouspaving mixtures prepared at hot mix or warm mix temperatures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It may be desirable for a variety of reasons to prepare bituminouspaving materials at, near, or in excess of temperatures used for hot mixasphalt but to pave and compact this paving mixture at least about 10°C., between about 17-45° C., between about 10-55° C., or more than 55°C., below the temperatures at which the paving material is prepared. Forexample, the bituminous paving mixture may be compacted at temperatures17, 22, 28, 33, 39, 44 or 50° C. below the temperature at which thepaving mixture is prepared. Further, the bituminous paving mixture maybe compacted at temperatures at least about 10° C., at least about 15°C., at least about 20° C., at least about 30° C., at least about 40° C.,or at least about 45° C. below the temperature at which the pavingmixture is prepared. According to the processes of this invention, hotmix temperatures, for example, may be greater than about 130° C.,greater than about 135° C., greater than about 140° C., greater thanabout 150° C., greater than 160° C., greater than 170° C., or greaterthan about 175° C. In other embodiments, hot mix preparationtemperatures may be between about 120° C. and about 175° C., betweenabout 130° C. and about 170° C., between about 135° C. and 170° C.,between about 140° C. and 170° C., or between about 150° C. and 160° C.Paving and compaction temperatures, for example, may be less than about160° C., less than about 145° C., less than about 135° C., less thanabout 130° C., less than about 125° C., less than about 120° C., or lessthan about 100° C. In some examples, the paving and compactiontemperatures may be in a temperature range of about 60° C. to about 160°C., between about 80° C. and about 150° C., between about 100° C. andabout 135° C., or between about 100° C. and about 125° C.

Utilization of the process and additives provided in this applicationenables the production and paving of bituminous paving mixtures under awide range of conditions. After being compacted at warm temperatures,the bituminous paving mixtures have acceptable field densities for acompacted bituminous material. Exemplary field densities include, butare not limited to less than 10% in place air voids, less than 8% inplace air voids and less than 5% in place air voids (when measuredaccording to accepted practices in the paving industry).

Warm mix asphalt compositions are used to produce bituminous pavingmixtures at temperatures below those used to produce hot mix asphaltcompositions. In addition to producing a bituminous paving mixture atreduced temperatures, warm mix compositions also allow paving andcompacting these bituminous paving mixtures at temperatures below thoseused to pave and compact hot mix asphalt. These reduced temperatures maybe 33-45° C. or more below the temperatures used to produce and pave hotmix asphalt compositions.

U.S. application Ser. No. 11/871,782 reports functionally dry asphaltbinder compositions, polymer modified asphalt binder compositions andpolymer/acid-modified asphalt binder compositions that have beenmodified with lubricating non-aqueous surfactants, non-surfactantadditives, acids or combinations thereof (collectively, lubricatingagents or additives). These lubricating agents or additives provideasphalt binder compositions which can be adequately mixed with aggregateat temperatures 17-28° C. lower, even more than 28° C. lower, or as muchas 55° C. lower than a substantially similar asphalt binder or asphaltcement that does not contain these lubricating additives. In addition,these asphalt/aggregate mixtures can be compacted at temperatures 17-28°C. lower, even temperatures more than 28° C. lower, or as much as 55° C.lower than a substantially similar asphalt/aggregate mixture that doesnot contain these lubricating additives. The entire disclosure of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/871,782, filed Oct. 12, 2007 is incorporated byreference in this application.

Some embodiments of the present invention include a method or processthat uses a bituminous paving material containing lubricating agents oradditives that may be prepared at temperatures up to, or in excess of,hot mix asphalt production temperatures, and that may be cooled andsubsequently paved and compacted at least about 10° C., between about17-45° C., between about 10-55° C., or more than 55° C., below the hotmix asphalt production temperatures. According to the process of thisinvention, an asphalt binder, lubricating additive and aggregate aremixed at temperatures 10-55° C., or greater, above the paving andcompacting temperatures of the resulting bituminous paving material.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the process of the present invention providesan increase in the temperature difference between production andcompaction temperatures for bituminous mixtures compared to bituminousmixtures prepared and compacted using hot mix or warm mix processes.When a bituminous mixture is prepared and compacted using a hot mixprocess, the difference between the production and compactiontemperatures is schematically illustrated by ARROW 1. Similarly, when abituminous mixture is prepared and compacted using a warm mix processthe difference between the production and compaction temperatures isillustrated by ARROW 2. In contrast to the hot and warm mix processes,the process of the present invention provides for preparing a bituminousmixture at a hot mix temperature and then compacting the mixture at alower or reduced temperature similar to compaction temperatures used forbituminous mixtures prepared by warm mix processes. The increaseddifference in the production and compaction temperatures of the presentprocess is illustrated by ARROW 3. The increased or expanded differencebetween the production temperature and compaction temperature permits,for example, one or more of increased transportation times, longerworking times and a greater range of application temperatures.

Water employed in some other warm mix technologies may not be essentialto the successful production of bituminous material containing thelubricating agents or additives. The production of hot mix asphalt toproduce a bituminous mixture at or near hot mix asphalt temperatures,with or without any additives, results in the removal of water as acomponent in these hot mix compositions. Bituminous mixtures containinga lubricating additive, with or without added water, and bituminousmixtures produced by injecting water into an asphalt binder containing alubricating additive, are both intended to be within the scope of thepresent invention.

Warm paving and compaction processes may be used in a variety ofdifferent scenarios. One scenario is using a “warm mix asphalt” wherethe production and paving of a bituminous mix is carried out attemperatures significantly lower than the temperatures used to produceand pave a hot mix asphalt using the same binder (or suitable asphaltcement). In this scenario, “warm” refers to production and pavingtemperatures that may be 33-45° C., or more, below the hot mix and hotpaved temperatures for a similar binder. There are, however,circumstances where it is desirable or even necessary to produce abituminous paving mix at, near or in excess of hot mix temperatures withthe intention of paving and compacting this bituminous paving mix atreduced temperatures that are associated with warm mix conditions.

Some reasons for producing a bituminous paving mixture at, near, or inexcess of hot mix production temperatures but paving and compacting thismixture at 10-55° C., or more than 55° C., below the temperatures atwhich the mix is produced include, but are not limited to, the followingscenarios:

-   1) In some geographical regions the cost to move and set up a    bituminous mix facility could be cost prohibitive for a small paving    project and therefore it would be more cost effective to produce the    bituminous mixture at a remote location at an elevated temperature    and haul the mix to the paving project site thus resulting in the    need to be able to pave and compact the mix at reduced temperatures.-   2) In some geographical regions the aggregate resources might not    exist or might not be developed to the extent that it is financially    viable to produce the bituminous mixture at or near the location of    the paving project, thus there could be a need to produce the    bituminous mixture at a location with the requisite aggregate    resources at an elevated temperature but still be able to compact    the mixture at a reduced temperature after the bituminous mix has    been hauled to paving project.-   3) It may be desirable for other reasons to haul the bituminous    mixture a long distance (resulting in a substantial reduction in the    temperature of the mixture) without having to excessively heat the    bituminous mix during production at the mix facility while still    being able to pave this mixture upon arrival at a project site. This    avoids potential quality problems that may be associated with having    to excessively heat a bituminous mix.-   4) Still another reason is the desire to provide bituminous mix to a    contractor to perform minor repair patches during the course of a    day without returning to the bituminous mix facility to obtain fresh    paving mixture at an elevated temperature.-   5) During early and late season bituminous mix placement (especially    in cooler climates) it may be desirable to produce bituminous mix at    a temperature in excess of the temperature employed to produce a    warm mix for the mix in question, thus enabling the bituminous mix    so produced to be compacted at a temperature 10-55° C., or more than    55° C., below the temperature at which the mix is produced.

For these different scenarios or conditions, and others, the ability tocompact the bituminous paving mixture at reduced temperatures regardlessof the production temperature is an improvement over existing processes.

Depending on the needs of the individual bituminous mix producer thesereduced mix production temperatures are not essential and may not bedesired even though the ability to pave and compact this mix atsubstantially reduced temperatures may be desired and perhaps essential.Utilization of the production process reported in this applicationenables production of bituminous paving mixture at any reasonabletemperature, but allows the contractor to place and pave the mixture atreduced temperatures.

Surfactants (in both aqueous or non-aqueous form) and waxes are twogeneral classes of lubricating additives that may, when incorporatedinto an asphalt binder at levels as low as 0.1 wt %, provide sufficientlubrication of the asphalt binder so that aggregate may be adequatelycoated and then paved and compacted at temperatures 10-55° C., or morethan 55° C., lower than the temperatures normally needed for compactionof similar bituminous mixtures that do not include the lubricating agentor additive.

Non-aqueous surfactants have been incorporated into asphalt binder asadditives to provide improved moisture resistance, however, their valueand function as a lubricating agent in warm mix asphalt and specificallyin a functionally dry or water free warm mix composition have not beenappreciated. (The term “functionally dry”, or “essentially water free”,as used herein in connection with compositions, aggregates or mixturesis used to describe reduced water content compositions, aggregates ormixtures, particularly those in the “hot mix” regime, for example asdescribed above.) Exemplary surfactants include naturally occurringcompounds and more commonly synthesized chemical compounds from threecategories of surfactants: detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers.Surfactants may be specifically grouped into four classifications: i)anionic surfactants including, but not limited to, fatty acids (e.g.,saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), fatty acid pitch (e.g., stearicacid pitch), and fatty acid derivatives (e.g., fatty acid esters andfatty acid sulfonates), and organo phosphates (e.g., alkyl phosphates);ii) cationic surfactants including, but not limited to, alkyl amines,alkyl quaternary ammonium salts, heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salts,amido amines, and non-nitrogenous sulfur or phosphorous derivatives;iii) amphoteric surfactants including, but not limited to, amino acids,amino acid derivatives, betain derivatives (e.g., alkylbetains andalkylaminobetains), imidazolines, imidazoline derivatives; and iv)nonionic surfactants including, but not limited to, fatty acid esters(e.g., SPAN or TWEEN surfactants), surfactants with ether links (e.g.,alkylphenolpolyoxeythylenes and polyoxyethylenated alcohols),surfactants with amide groups (e.g., alkylamides, mono anddiethanolamides and their derivatives), alkylenated oxide copolymers andpolyoxyethyleneated mercaptans. One exemplary surfactant is anethoxylated tallow diamine surfactant.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the lubricating surfactantmay be used in an amount in the range of about 0.1-1.0 wt % based on theweight of the asphalt binder. Other amounts that are within the scope ofthis invention include the ranges of, for example, about 0.1-0.5 wt %,0.1-0.4 wt %, and 0.1-0.3 wt %.

Non-surfactant additives based on wax chemistry have been incorporatedinto an asphalt binder to produce warm mix paving mixtures. Waxadditives such as Sasobit™ wax (Sasol North America Inc.) and montan wax(Romanta, Amsdorf, Germany or Strohmeyer and Arpe, N.J.) used for thisapplication have only a minor effect on reducing the viscosity of theasphalt-wax blend, but such additives, even at usage levels well belowthose generally employed, provide a noticeable and beneficiallubricating effect on the asphalt-wax combination. Non-surfactantadditives based on wax chemistry may include paraffin and non-paraffinwaxes. Paraffin waxes include, but are not limited to, petroleum,petroleum-derived and refined waxes (slack wax and refinedmacrocrystalline wax) while non-paraffin waxes include, but are notlimited to, natural waxes (e.g., animal, vegetable, and mineral waxessuch as beeswax and carnuaba wax), modified natural waxes (e.g., browncoal derivatives such as montan wax and mineral oil derivatives),partial synthetic waxes (e.g., acid waxes, ester waxes, amide waxes,alcohol waxes and oxidized polyethylene waxes), and full synthetic waxes(e.g., Fischer-Tropsch waxes and polyethylene waxes).

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the lubricating wax may beused in amount of about less than 1.5 wt % of the weight of the asphaltbinder. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the lubricatingwax may be used in an amount in the range of about 0.1-1.0 wt %. Otheramounts are within the scope of this invention and include ranges of,for example, about 0.1-0.5 wt %, 0.1-0.4 wt %, and 0.1-0.3 wt %.

Other non-surfactant additives such as viscosity modifiers (VMS),dispersant viscosity modifiers (DVMS), and additives containingviscosity modifiers or dispersant viscosity modifiers as well asextrusion processing aids, molding processing aids, polyolefins, orsulfur, may provide lubricating characteristics to petroleum productsand may also be used as non-surfactant lubricating additives. Suchadditives include, but are not limited to, VMS and DVMS used in enginelubricating oils (e.g., polyisobutylenes, olefin copolymers,hydrogenated styrene-diene copolymers, styrene maleate copolymers,polymethacrylates, olefin-graft PMA polymers and hydrogenatedpolyisoprene star polymers) and products containing VMS and DVMS such asthe residual bottoms from refined recycled engine lubricating oils;extrusion processing aids; molding processing aids (e.g., high transcontent polyoctenamer reactive polymers); polyolefins, ethylene vinylacetates; acrylic polymers; silicones; and elemental sulfur or sulfurderivatives (e.g., sulfur impurities used in fuels to providelubrication properties). These lubricating additives may, for example,be used in an amount in the range of about 0.1-1.0 wt %, about 0.1-0.5wt %, about 0.1-0.4 wt %, or 0.1-0.3 wt %.

Phosphoric acids or their derivates are also another class of additivesthat can, when incorporated into an asphalt binder at levels as low asabout 0.2-1.0 wt %, provide sufficient lubrication of a bituminousmixture so that it may be adequately compacted at temperatures 10-55°C., or more than 55° C., below the temperatures normally needed tocompact a similar bituminous mixture without the use of this class ofphosphoric acid additives. Exemplary lubricating phosphoric acid gradesinclude polyphosphoric acid (PPA), superphosphoric acid (SPA), and othergrades of phosphoric acid. In exemplary embodiments of the invention,the lubricating phosphoric acid derivative may be used in an amount ofabout 0.1-1.5 wt % or about 0.2-1.0 wt % based on the weight of theasphalt binder. Other amounts are within the scope of this invention andinclude ranges of, for example, about 0.1-0.5 wt %, 0.1-0.4 wt %, and0.1-0.3 wt %.

Some embodiments of the present process may use paving mixtures mixedwith aggregate and optional reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) at a hotmix temperature (where this hot mix temperature may be a function of theoriginal or starting PG asphalt grade, viscosity or penetration of thebinder) and then the resultant mixture may be compacted at a temperatureof 10-55° C., or more than this amount, lower then the hot mixtemperature. The amounts of RAP that may be included in the pavingmixtures may be 1-98 wt % of the mix, 10-60 wt % of the mix, or up toabout 30 wt % of the mix.

Still another embodiment of the present process may use polymer modifiedasphalt binder compositions comprising a lubricating additive. Exemplarypolymer modified asphalt binders may include modifiers such as, but notlimited to, synthetic polymers, reclaimed rubber, and reclaimed polymers(e.g., reclaimed polyolefins and polyesters). Other examples of polymermodified asphalt binder compositions are provided in U.S. PatentApplication No. 61/101,942, filed Oct. 1, 2008, entitled “StableEmulsions for Producing Polymer Modified Asphalt,” which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

Still another embodiment of the present process may use fiber modifiedasphalt binder compositions comprising a lubricating additive. Exemplaryfiber modified asphalt binders may include fibers such as, but notlimited to, organic and inorganic fibers (e.g., polyolefin, cellulosicand mineral fibers).

The present invention also includes forming a paved surface using thepaving mixtures made by the process described herein. In thisembodiment, a paving mix may be made in the hot mix temperature rangesdescribed herein. The mixing may occur at or away from the paving site,and the mixture may cool as it is being hauled to the site and suppliedto a paving machine. The paving mixture is then applied by the pavingmachine to a prepared surface after which it is usually roller compactedby additional equipment while still at an elevated temperature, forexample at any of the paving and compacting temperature ranges providedherein. The compacted aggregate and asphalt mixture eventually stiffensupon cooling. Because of the large mass of material in paving a roadwayor commercial parking lot, the cost of the thermal energy to achievesuitable mixing and paving is reduced because of the reduction in thetemperature necessary for proper paving.

The present inventive process also includes the process of adding alubricating substance into a heated asphalt binder; combining thelubricated asphalt binder composition with a suitable aggregate that mayoptionally contain varying amounts of RAP; at any of the hot mixtemperature ranges provided herein, mixing to coat the aggregate andoptional RAP with the lubricated asphalt binder composition to form apaving material; transferring the paving material to a paving machine;applying the paving material with the paving machine at a warm mixpaving temperature to a prepared surface; and then compacting theapplied paving material to form a paved surface at any of the paving andcompacting temperature ranges provided herein.

Example 1

The inclusion of varying amounts of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) asa component in bituminous mix is a desired option to the bituminouspaving industry. Varying amounts of RAP levels, including but notlimited to 1-98 wt % of the mix, 10-60 wt % of the mix, or up to about30 wt % of the mix, have been used successfully with some warm mixprocesses. In this example, one bituminous mix was produced with RAP ata hot mix temperature and another bituminous mix was produced with RAPat a warm mix temperature. Both of these mixes were then compacted at areduced temperature relative to a conventional hot mix compactiontemperature.

A paving mix suitable for a 1 million ESAL pavement utilizing 20% RAPwas used in this example. The target virgin binder content for thispaving mix was 4.7% by weight of mix. A PG 58-28 binder containing 0.5%Akzo Nobel E-6 ethoxylated tallow diamine by weight of binder was usedas the virgin binder for two mixes. The two mixes were evaluated asdetailed below:

TABLE 1 Comparison of Hot Mix and Warm Mix Production Using 20% Rap withBoth Mixes Compacted At Warm Temperature Mix 1- Mix 2- Hot mix, warmWarm mix, warm Conditions compaction compaction Mixing temperature 148°C. (300° F.) 110° C. (230° F.) Conditioning time 2 hrs 2 hrs totalConditioning temp 104° C. (220° F.) Conditioning temp 1 30 minutes @135° C. (275° F.) Conditioning temp 2 30 minutes @ 121° C. (250° F.)Conditioning temp 3 30 minutes @ 110° C. (230° F.) Conditioning temp 430 minutes @ 104° C. (220° F.) Compaction temp 104° C. (220° F.) 104° C.(220° F.) Air voids @ design 3.5% 3.4% gyrations

The hot mixed, warm compacted mix was sequentially cooled to the warmcompaction temperature in order to simulate a paving mix that would beproduced at a hot mix temperature and then hauled to a paving projectsite so that the mix temperature gradually dropped over a period of timeto the warm compaction temperature. This data shows no detriment ofhaving produced a paving mix containing selected amounts of RAP, such asbut not limited to 20 wt %, at 148° C. and having maintained the mix atelevated temperatures for a period of time prior to cooling to the finalcompaction temperature and then compacting. That data show that mixeshaving lubricating agents described herein may be successfully compactedat warm mix compaction temperatures regardless of whether the mixes areprepared using warm or hot mix preparation temperatures. In cases inwhich the mix does not include a lubricating agent and the mix isprepared using hot mix temperatures and compacted using warm mixtemperatures, excessive air voids (e.g., an increase of at least 1-2percentage points for in place voids) would be in the compacted pavingmaterial.

Example 2

A PG 70-28 polymer modified asphalt paving mix suitable for 10 millionESAL was produced with course mix aggregate at a mixing temperature of157-163° C. When compacted at a standard compaction temperature between140-146° C., the paving had unacceptably low and inconsistent fielddensity values. When 0.3% phosphate ester was added to the paving mix,prepared at the above temperatures (157-163° C.), break-down rolled atnormal compaction temp (140-146° C.), and densified at about 113° C.,the field density values were at an acceptable level and also were moreconsistent.

Provided in Table 2 below are some exemplary preparation and compactiontemperatures for a variety of asphalt grades having one or more of thelubricating agents described herein.

TABLE 2 Asphalt Grade Preparation temperature Compaction temperaturePG58-28 135-143° C.  96-102° C. PG64-22 146-163° C. 135-152° C. PG64-28143-154° C. 102-107° C. PG76-22 160-177° C. 146-163° C.

The paving materials described herein may be prepared in any suitablecommercial asphalt plant. Examples include a DOUBLE BARREL GREEN™ plant,a counter flow plant, a parallel flow plant, a remixer plant, a batchplant, and a double drum plant. The materials may be transported andapplied using any suitable equipment.

The invention is not to be taken as limited to the details of the abovedescription as modifications and variations may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A bituminous paving process, which processcomprises: a) mixing an asphalt binder, aggregate and lubricatingadditive at a first temperature greater than 160° C. to form abituminous mix comprising aggregate coated with asphalt binder andlubricating additive, wherein the lubricating additive comprises alubricating non-aqueous surfactant, non-surfactant additive, acid, orcombinations thereof; b) hauling the bituminous mix to a paving site;and c) compacting the bituminous mix at a second temperature less than130° C., to provide bituminous pavement having field density valuesgreater than 90% of the maximum theoretical density for the compactedbituminous mix.
 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the lubricatingnon-aqueous surfactant comprises i) an anionic surfactant comprising asaturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, fatty acid pitch, fattyacid ester, fatty acid sulfonate, organo phosphate, or alkyl phosphate;ii) a cationic surfactant comprising an alkyl amine, alkyl quaternaryammonium salt, heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt, or amido amine;iii) amphoteric surfactant comprising an amino acid, alkylbetain,alkylaminobetain, or imidazoline; or iv) a nonionic surfactantcomprising a surfactant with ether links, alkylphenolpolyoxeythylene,polyoxyethylenated alcohol, surfactant with amide groups, alkylamide,mono and diethanolamide, alkylenated oxide copolymer, orpolyoxyethyleneated mercaptan.
 3. The process of claim 1 wherein thelubricating non-aqueous surfactant comprises an ethoxylated tallowdiamine surfactant.
 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the lubricatingnon-surfactant additive comprises a paraffin wax, non-paraffin wax,petroleum, petroleum-derived and refined wax, slack wax, refinedmacrocrystalline wax, natural wax, animal wax, vegetable wax, mineralwax, beeswax, carnuaba wax, modified natural wax, montan wax, partialsynthetic wax, acid wax, ester wax, amide wax, alcohol wax, oxidizedpolyethylene wax, full synthetic wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax, orpolyethylene wax.
 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the lubricating acidcomprises a lubricating phosphoric acid grade, polyphosphoric acid,superphosphoric acid, or other grades of phosphoric acid.
 6. The processof claim 1 wherein the bituminous mix contains about 0.1-1.0 wt %lubricating additive based on the asphalt binder weight.
 7. The processof claim 1 wherein the bituminous mix contains about 0.1-0.4 wt %lubricating additive based on the asphalt binder weight.
 8. The processof claim 1 wherein the bituminous mix comprises about 1-98 wt %reclaimed asphalt pavement based on the bituminous mix weight.
 9. Theprocess of claim 1 wherein the bituminous mix comprises about 10-60 wt %reclaimed asphalt pavement based on the bituminous mix weight.
 10. Theprocess of claim 1 wherein a blend of the asphalt binder and lubricatingadditive has a measured maximum normal force no more than about 5.5Newtons at 90° C. using a dynamic shear rheometer with a 50 μm gap. 11.The process of claim 1 wherein a blend of the asphalt binder andlubricating additive has a measured maximum normal force no more thanabout 3 Newtons at 90° C. using a dynamic shear rheometer with a 50 μmgap.
 12. The process of claim 1 wherein the compacted mix has a fielddensity value greater than 92% of maximum theoretical density.
 13. Theprocess of claim 1 wherein the compacted mix has a field density valuegreater than 95% of maximum theoretical density.
 14. The process ofclaim 1 wherein the first temperature is greater than 170° C.
 15. Theprocess of claim 1 wherein the second temperature is less than about120° C.
 16. The process of claim 1 wherein the second temperature isless than 100° C.
 17. The process of claim 1 wherein the secondtemperature is more than 55° C. below the first temperature.
 18. Theprocess of claim 1 wherein the asphalt binder, aggregate and lubricatingadditive are essentially water free.
 19. The process of claim 1comprising mixing an aqueous solution of the lubricating additive withthe asphalt binder.
 20. A bituminous paving process, which processcomprises: a) mixing an asphalt binder, aggregate and lubricatingcationic surfactant comprising an alkyl amine, alkyl quaternary ammoniumsalt, heterocyclic quaternary ammonium salt, or amido amine at a firsttemperature greater than 160° C. to form a bituminous mix comprisingaggregate coated with asphalt binder and lubricating cationicsurfactant, wherein the bituminous mix provides increased transportationtimes, longer working times, or greater range of applicationtemperatures; and b) compacting the bituminous mix at a secondtemperature less than 130° C. to provide bituminous pavement havingfield density values greater than 90% of the maximum theoretical densityfor the compacted bituminous mix.
 21. The process of claim 20 whereinthe asphalt binder, aggregate and lubricating additive are essentiallywater free.